DETERMINANT OF THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MANURE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME AMONG ONION FARMERS IN KUDAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of organic manure on the productivity and income of onion farmers in Kudan Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of onion farmers, identify the types of organic manure used, assess the effects of organic manure on income and productivity, and identify key constraints faced by farmers in using organic manure. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 200 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were male (89.5%) with a mean age of 40.76 years, and most households comprised 10-15 members. Compost manure (53%) was the most widely used organic input due to its availability and effectiveness in enhancing soil fertility. The results indicated that the use of organic manure had a positive effect on the productivity and income of onion farmers. Key socio-economic factors influencing productivity and income-included education, access to extension services where farmers received training on organic manure use, farming experience and the quantity of manure applied. For sustainability and continuous use of organic manure in Kudan LGA, the study recommends addressing key constraints, including transportation challenges, sourcing quality organic manure, and health risks related to handling organic materials. Improving access to organic inputs, enhancing transportation infrastructure, and providing targeted education and training on organic farming practices are critical. These recommendations align with recent policies promoting sustainable agriculture in Nigeria.