INCIDENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILE OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATED FROM URINE OF PATIENTS ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN LAFIA METROPOLIS AND ITS ENVIRONS, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect around 150 million people globally annually. This study examines the incidence and antibiotic resistance profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae in urine samples from patients attending Primary Health Care Centers in Lafia Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study includes four Primary healthcare facilities, including Isa Mustapha Agwai 1 Polytechnic Clinic, Comprehensive Healthcare Center in Kwandere, Primary Health Care Center in Assakio, and Primary Health Care Center in Adogi. A comprehensive analysis of gender, location, patient type, and age-related incidence patterns is conducted, encompassing a total of 266 samples. Additionally, the study delves into the antimicrobial resistance of K. pneumoniae. The overall incidence of K. pneumoniae is 12.78%, with higher prevalence in females (11.88%) compared to males (6.14%). The Isa Mustapha Agwai 1 Polytechnic Clinic exhibits the highest prevalence (19.14%) among locations. Among inpatients, the incidence is 7.25%, while outpatients show a higher prevalence of 14.72%. The age group of 25-34 years has the highest incidence (11.82%), while individuals aged 75 and older show a higher positivity rate of 21.62%. Antimicrobial resistance analysis reveals high resistance to Ampicillin (91.18%), Gentamicin (76.47%), and Streptomycin (55.88%). Most isolates are classified as Multi-Drug Resistant (67.65%), with 44.11% exhibiting Extensive Drug Resistance. The study underscores the need for targeted treatment strategies and antimicrobial stewardship programs to address the challenges of K. pneumoniae infections and antibiotic resistance in this region.