EVALUATION OF EXISTING POLICIES REGULATING SMALL-SCALE MINING IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examined the regulatory framework, institutional capacity, enforcement mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement in small-scale mining (SSM) governance in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach involving field surveys, key informant interviews, and statistical analysis was employed to assess policy implementation and institutional performance. Results revealed that while multiple frameworks such as the Nasarawa State Mining Regulation Bill (2025) and the National Minerals and Mining Act (2007) exist to guide artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), their implementation remains weak. The mean implementation score of 2.3 (SD = 0.8) on a five-point scale indicates partial realization of national mining laws at the state level. Institutional role clarity averaged 67%, with enforcement constrained by inadequate resources and overlapping mandates. Only 40% of miners held valid licenses, while regulatory monitoring averaged 1.5 visits per site annually. A chi-square test (χ² = 15.3, p < 0.01) confirmed a significant link between monitoring frequency and compliance. Stakeholder engagement was also limited (M = 2.5, SD = 1.0), with local communities (M = 2.3) reporting the lowest inclusion. The study concludes that policy fragmentation, institutional weakness, and poor community participation undermine effective SSM governance in Nasarawa State. It recommends stronger institutional coordination, more consistent enforcement, and inclusive community engagement to enhance sustainability and equitable benefit sharing in the mining sector.